tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-67142707227160568132024-03-08T04:51:27.968-05:00Spring DiplomacyBlooming ideas on Public Diplomacy in a time of change Heather T.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01790392633696135946noreply@blogger.comBlogger24125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-58137589905016570682013-04-28T22:25:00.004-04:002013-04-28T22:25:41.709-04:00The Soft Power DifferentialA recent <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nikolas-kozloff/new-africa-scramble-china_b_3148780.html">Huffington Post article</a> talked about the importance of soft power and cultural ties in China's and Brazil's bid for investing in Africa.<br />
<br />
Although China has far more economic resources than Brazil, the first seems to be presently losing the battle to the second because of bad reputation and, essentially, a lacking soft power. Brazil, on the other hand, is seen as a friendly trust-worthy nation with strong cultural ties to Africa. And, Brazilian companies don't mistreat their African workers like some Chinese have done so.<br />
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It's interesting to think that the measure of soft power may be decisive in how much influence each country will be able to yield over time in Africa. China has many problems in that area not only in Africa, but in the U.S. (remember their campaign in Times Square?), and I would dare say nearly all over the West.<br />
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African countries are pushing back against a so-called new imperialism that they see with China's presence in the continent, whereas Brazil is seen as engaging with the population and having an interest in cooperation.<br />
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Can soft power really decide the outcome of grand strategies like this, going beyond monetary resources? It's an interesting phenomenon to analyze.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-57775498011705268482013-04-22T07:50:00.001-04:002013-04-22T07:51:06.618-04:00Kenya's Re-branding Challenge<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Kenya, a country placed in the international spotlight recently
due to its elections last month, has a branding problem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to an </span><a href="http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/article-117601/kenyas-fly-soup-challenge"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">opinion piece in Kenyan newspaper <em>The Star</em></span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">, “for 50 years, Kenya’s
branding challenge has remained remarkably the same: how to diminish - to
insignificance - the ugly in the beautiful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Or, to use a more graphic, if somewhat revolting metaphor, how to avoid
the ‘fly in the soup’ curse.”<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">To go along with the metaphor, the “flies” in Kenya’s
history include corruption, detentions and torture, and ethnic division. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The “soup” has alternated between a reasonably
professional Cabinet and civil service that laid the foundation for a
capitalist economy, expanded education, emphasis on infrastructure, and the call
for a new constitution.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p>S</o:p></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">till, the image of the fly is more striking than that of
the soup, making it so that the tag of Kenya as “a poorly and corruptly-led
beautiful country of dynamic and friendly people” sticks.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The article in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Star </i>compares Kenya’s predicament with that of internationally renowned
Switzerland, which has “strong public associations with the attributes of
stability, efficiency, and quality.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Such an image dominates, because “Switzerland has successfully diminished
to insignificance the brand of a country where illegally acquired wealth
(inluding Nazi loot) is secretly kept.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">While I do not believe that international scrutiny of Kenya’s
political, economic, and social ills should cease (neither should scrutiny of
Switzerland’s holdings of illegal wealth for that matter…), I do believe Kenya
is justified in wanting to remove the “fly in the soup” and rebrand the country
to promote the positive aspects within it.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
Heather T.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01790392633696135946noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-27297136252271267822013-04-14T18:29:00.002-04:002013-04-14T18:34:07.747-04:00Pumping up the (soft) Power<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">In the article <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Soft
Power in Chinese Discourse: Popularity and Prospect</i>, Li Mingjiang argues
that “a grand Chinese soft power strategy is still in its embryonic phase,
despite the painstaking efforts of Chinese strategists to devise various
proposals” (1).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soft power is therefore
China’s “weak link” in its comprehensive power, preventing the country from
converting its hard power into international influence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As my studies on public diplomacy have shown
thus far, international influence is largely dependent on foreign perceptions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is for this reason that Mingjiang insists
that China’s recent emphasis on soft power is undergirded by an understanding
that “first and foremost, soft power is intended to shape a better perception
of China by the outside world” (15).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The unfolding crisis with North
Korea and its missile threats presents a perfect opportunity for China to improve
its international image.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>China has a
unique relationship with North Korea as it is Pyongyang’s sole major ally and
aid provider; a role China has held since the 1950-53 Korean War.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As such, China seems to be one of the only
countries that can penetrate the threats of nuclear war by North Korea’s young
and elusive leader, Kim Jong-Un.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=FCBBRPfOxDFnmM&tbnid=z0-Ruk2L9unklM:&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fasia_pacific%2Fus-china-agree-to-cooperate-on-korea-crisis%2F2013%2F04%2F13%2Ff3bf1e84-a43f-11e2-bd52-614156372695_story.html&ei=fyxrUfjtIIqLywHaxoCIAQ&bvm=bv.45175338,d.aWc&psig=AFQjCNHzj1uHyptB78bLlfsmWJabrEMX5g&ust=1366064639856313" id="irc_mil" style="border: 0px currentColor; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" id="irc_mi" src="http://img.washingtonpost.com/rf/image_606w/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2013/04/13/Foreign/Images/China_US_Kerry_08a72-7435.jpg" style="margin-top: 29px;" title="" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">U.S Secretary of State John Kerry and Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing during their diplomatic talks on the North Korean missile crisis. April 13, 2013. <em>The Washington Post.</em><br />
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Georgia;">Although China seems reluctant in using its leverage over North Korea, it has expressed a willingness to work alongside the United States to defuse nuclear tensions on the Korean peninsula during Secretary of State John Kerry’s </span><a href="http://www.news.com.au/world-news/united-states-berates-north-koreas-belligerence-as-secretary-of-state-john-kerry-flys-in-to-seoul/story-fndir2ev-1226619374373"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">recent visit to Beijing</span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Tackling an international crisis in a diplomatic and transparent way, in accordance to mainstream international opinion, is exactly what China must do to enhance its soft power.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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Heather T.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01790392633696135946noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-9196451950272999912013-04-12T21:38:00.000-04:002013-04-12T21:47:57.098-04:00Born the year of the Tiger, a new Tiger? Possible branding opportunity for China?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
There's a new golf sensation. At fourteen years old and in his first professional tournament, <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/12/sport/golf/golf-masters-augusta-day-two/index.html?hpt=hp_t1">China's Guan Tianlang is the youngest Master's participant in history</a>.<br />
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Couple that with China's ongoing push for public diplomacy, such as <a href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90883/8200106.html">this news article from a Chinese paper earlier this week</a>. And China's history of PD involvement, such as the article we read for class this week by Zou Quinan and Mo Jinwei. They point out how China has been actively engaging in PD since the late 1990s as its image has not grown at a rate consistant with its economy. As a result many Chinese scholars began strategically studying the role of soft power and public diplomacy. That being said, the Chinese concept of PD is different than that of the US. While Americns focus on engagment, inform and influence on behalf of US interests, the Chinese are much more interested in communicating their culture through media and internet.<br />
<br />
So, during the Masters this year, Guan is all over the media and internet. He's the subject of multiple sports columns and articles such as <a href="http://www.golfdigest.com/golf-tours-news/2012-11/guan-tianlang-andy-brumer?currentPage=1">this one</a>, in which the reporter writes, "I thought of the warm, engaging boy with the majestic swing who routinely occupied the driving range stall next to my own." "<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/meet-guan-tianlang-china-golf-boom-2013-4">Golf had been banned in China until 1984,</a> but now is growing amongst China's middle class, and Guan is the face of that. I'm looking forward to seeing how China capitalizes on him to help brand itself internationally<span id="goog_1267018740"></span><span id="goog_1267018741"></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/"></a>.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
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Tiffany http://www.blogger.com/profile/09156461442298621971noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-76905042619634326132013-03-30T09:57:00.000-04:002013-03-30T18:45:02.083-04:00Becoming part of the conversation... literally. Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy Tara Sonenshine's latest speech on Public Diplomacy and Counterterrorism mentioned projects in which the U.S. government are activelly engaging in discussions on <a href="http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130327/us-sparring-directly-al-qaeda-fans-online?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+WhatsNewInPd+%28What%27s+New+in+Public+Diplomacy%29#When:03:12:22Z">Al-Qaeda online forums</a>. This is an attempt to get the "other side of the message" out. According to Sonenshine, the logic behind this approach is this:<br />
<br />
<i>"By targeting the hardliners, we are really trying to reach the middle grounders, the fence sitters, the sympathizers and passive supporters."</i><br />
<br />
That seems plausible if it weren't for this - if someone has gone through the trouble of finding said forums and engaging there, they are probably past the point of being "fence sitters", and it would be, arguably, far more unlikely that adding a different perspective would change their hearts and minds. <br />
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<div>
What is the actual success rate of approaching this kind of group, or rather, how can one measure whether opinions have changed? The U.S. government should focus on ordinary citizens - those, it seems to me, are actually far more likely to change their minds about terrorism and the way they perceive the United States. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div>
These online forums can be useful for intelligence gathering and pin-pointing actual members of terrorist organizations, but they just don't seem like the best place for conducting public diplomacy.</div>
Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-80744072935573024772013-03-29T19:37:00.001-04:002013-03-29T19:37:21.278-04:00Zimbabwe Poets for Human Rights<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: #262626; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">Our class discussion on cultural diplomacy reminds me
of conference I attended last month where I was introduced to Zimbabwean slam
poetry artist, Michael Mabwe.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">One of the State Department’s cultural diplomacy
initiatives is the International Visitors Leadership Program (IVLP), a program
that facilitates professional exchanges between the U.S. and other countries.
Through my internship, I had the pleasure of attending a conference in February
honoring the work of past IVLP participants where I met Michael Mabwe. Having
participated in the IVLP in 2008, he took the “best practices” he learned
during the exchange to advance his cause back home in Zimbabwe in his
organization, Zimbabwe Poets for Human Rights. As a human rights activist,
Mabwe organizes community arts forums to promote tolerance and encourages
discussion of controversial topics such as corruption, media freedom,
democracy, and good governance. Among other things, Mabwe volunteers his time
as the Director of the Zimbabwe-United States Alumni Association, where he
works to dispel myths about the U.S. prevalent in Zimbabwe. The State
Department invited him to return to the U.S. in February where he performed and
spoke of his work at home.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-family: Helvetica; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">Michael Mabwe presents and exceptional case where
exchanges can advance bilateral goals of mutual understanding. The first minute
of the video clip captures a beautifully crafted poem from his organization.
Certainly, I encourage you to watch it in its entirety, but if you can only
watch a little bit, watch the first few minutes to get a taste of the emotional
appeal of cultural diplomacy.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Kristiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01448988610876566571noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-84722437671657401672013-03-22T19:26:00.004-04:002013-03-22T19:26:49.960-04:00Emphasizing the “Public” in Public Diplomacy<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Yesterday, President Obama gave a speech in Jerusalem to a
mostly college-age audience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The speech
is noteworthy primarily because it is an example of the American President
bypassing direct communication with Israeli heads of government in order to
directly speak to the Israeli public.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>President Obama’s terse relationship with Israeli Prime Minister
Benjamin Netanyahu is widely publicized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Despite efforts to portray a seamless alliance between their respective
nations, Obama and Netanyahu continue to clash on issues pertaining to nuclear
capabilities, Iran, Syria, and of course Palestine.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/nyt4yygMDRc?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><o:p></o:p> </div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Thus far, heads of state have not been able to remedy Israel’s
most salient problems, which are obviously of great consequence to the U.S. as
well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So, who might be best equipped to
address these problems?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Obama’s direct
appeal to Israel’s youth seems undergirded by a recognition that the best means
for change and influence is through foreign publics; specifically young foreign
publics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such an appeal represents the
crux of Public Diplomacy efforts today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Whereas personal strife may hinder direct communication between
Netanyahu and Obama, the Israeli public is always accessible to the President
via satellite television, social media, and other technological advances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such easy access has created the condition
that publics now <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">expect </i>to be
acknowledged and directly addressed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Speaking specifically on the need for a more flexible
approach to negotiating with Palestinians, Obama said that Israeli and
Palestinian leaders “will never take risks if the people do not push them to
take some risks. You must create the change that you want to see. Ordinary
people can accomplish extraordinary things.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">In addition to exercising the full meaning of Public
Diplomacy with foreign publics, President Obama has also extended his PD
outreach to domestic publics. He has made extensive use of Twitter and other
social media outlets to get the voices of the American people heard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">As stated by Ellen Huijgh in her article <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Changing Tunes for Public Diplomacy:
Exploring the Domestic Dimension, </i>“for better or worse, [Ministries of
Foreign Affairs] have learned through experiences that domestic public support
for a government’s international policy choices and positions is crucial to the
MFA’s legitimacy at home and abroad” (64).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Domestic PD efforts do not yet seem to be as institutionalized as
foreign PD, but it may prove to be a pertinent strategy in the years to come.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Heather T.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01790392633696135946noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-53213246400681662352013-03-22T16:20:00.001-04:002013-03-22T16:23:32.361-04:00The Team: Sports Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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We are familiar with the Olympics and other large sporting
events as an opportunity for of cultural diplomacy. Dr. Geoffrey Pigman discusses some of the
benefits of sports diplomacy in his article, “Crouch, Touch, Pause, Engage!:
Moving Forward In the Scrum of International Sport and Public Diplomacy.” He
explains that sport can be used as an opportunity for nation branding or
security-related objectives along the line of <i>haute politique. </i>Of interest in this post, he states, “In a more troubled
diplomatic relationship, governments may choose to communicate to a foreign public
as part of a strategy, seeking to influence a population’s government” (pg.
82).</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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Only governments? Only states? I feel that the world of
public diplomacy is expanding beyond the traditional governmental framework.
Not only are governments that are capitalizing on the diplomatic aspects of
culture, but non-profits are too. <o:p></o:p></div>
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One particular instance of this is the award winning
television and radio series, <a href="http://www.sfcg.org/programmes/cgp/the-team.html">“The Team,”</a> created
by <a href="http://www.sfcg.org/">Search for Common Ground</a> (SFCG). SFCG is
a non-governmental organization (NGO) specializing in conflict resolution and
reconciliation. They noticed the global love for soccer, or football, and have
cultivated it for the purposes of peace-building. In particular it has been
designed with the goals of encouraging dialogue as opposed to violence, increasing
tolerance, cooperation, and national unity in conflict weakened societies, and
finally developing the capacity of local writers. Correspondingly, it focuses
on topics such as corruption, xenophobia, religious tolerance, and citizen,
civil society, and government collaboration. The series is developed on a
country-by-country basis, and is specifically designed to address the conflicts
that are pertinent to the community. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />
Through “The Team” and other programs, SFCG is recognizing the potential that sports and other aspects of culture play in the societies with which they are working. Through employing the unifying aspects of sports, SFCG is encouraging dialogue and track II diplomacy by cultivating tolerance in areas where ethic groups experience deeply troubled diplomatic relations.<br />
<br />
Check out this clip from The Team (Cote d'Ivoire): </div>
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Tiffany http://www.blogger.com/profile/09156461442298621971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-72437789750278582032013-03-08T18:55:00.002-05:002013-03-08T18:55:38.240-05:00Harlem Shaking Tunisia<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
I was watching Fareed Zakharia on GPS last Sunday, and he
ended the program with a bit on the way the recent “Harlem shake” fad is
impacting Egypt and Tunisia, calling it a “<a href="http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2013/03/06/harlem-shaking-the-arab-world/">potent
symbol of protest, revolt and defiance</a>”. While it has no connection with
Harlem or the original Harlem shake, this version, <a href="http://inamerica.blogs.cnn.com/2013/02/28/what-the-harlem-shake-has-to-do-with-harlem/">recorded
by a Brooklyn DJ</a> last spring, has taken on a significance of its own in
Tunisia, prompting government action. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Tunisian students posted their own version of the shake
online, provoking a violent backlash by conservative Muslims, including the
Minister of Education who condemned the videos. It has become a symbol igniting
the battle between secularists and Islamists as they determine how the
post-revolutionary country will move forward. (<a href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/harlem-shake-videos-provoke-tunisian-battles-0">source</a>)
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This phenomenon, driven by the youth and social media in the
country, is reflective of the way social media was used to push forward the
revolutionary political movement the country experienced a couple years ago,
gaining international attention. This speaks to our class discussion on the
central role media play in shaping discourses. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Although no one is certain how long this fad will last, it
does raise questions concerning American culture and how it is decontextualized
once it crosses borders and new meaning is attached to it. <o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Kristiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01448988610876566571noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-43168251886947875862013-03-08T17:34:00.001-05:002013-03-08T17:34:50.445-05:00The Pope as DiplomatA recent article in Foreign Affairs, <a href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139031/edward-pentin/the-pope-as-diplomat?cid=soc--at-snapshot-the_pope_as_diplomat-030813#.UTpYcoVRVTs.blogger">The Pope as Diplomat</a>, reviewed Pope Benedict XVI's tenure through a diplomatic lens. It discusses that during his time as Pope, Benedict established full diplomatic relations with the United Arab Emirates, Malasia, Montenegro South Sudan, Russia, and Botswana. He appointed the first Vatican envoy to Vietnam, a step towards full diplomatic relations. One of his goals was to engage in better Catholic Muslim Dialoge. As part of this he moved towards a "genuine encounter" with King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia who personally visited the Vatican. While Saudi Arabia is not open to full diplomatic relations with the Vatican and still does not allow Catholic churches, last year King Abdullah formed a foundation to improve inter-religious understanding.<br />
<br />
What does this have to do with Public Diplomacy? Pope Benedict's formal background was that of a scholar, not a political statesman like several of his predecessors. As the article points out, this lead to his having a different approach to foreign affairs, and at times lead to political missteps and misunderstandings. Despite snaffles, Pope Benedict found a way to open relations with other countries and areas. Through this action he served as the center in what Ali Fisher discussed in his article <u>Looking at the Man in the Mirror</u> as the hub or star of a leadership network. In this model, the metaphor of a wheel is used to convey the idea of a core "hub" person or people that connect one group of people to another. It is not a hierarchical structure, rather the hub is just an access point that must be opened in order for communication to be better enabled. Often when people, myself included, think of the Catholic Church hierarchy is one of the first things that comes to mind. This is a bit different, though. Using the Pope as a way to open up diplomatic relations is a way to open up a massive group of people, such as Catholics, to issues that the Pope has decided to pursue. In this case more envolved Muslim-Christian dialogue .Tiffany http://www.blogger.com/profile/09156461442298621971noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-45934167146671541462013-03-08T00:29:00.001-05:002013-03-08T00:29:59.645-05:00Moving from Monologue to more Monologue…and Staying There.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
This past Tuesday, I chit chatted with a few of my
classmates as we waited for our Global Perspectives on Public Diplomacy class
to begin.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the midst of our spirited discussion
about the measly percentage of the U.S. budget allotted to the State Department
(we are students of international studies after all…), one of my classmates
looked at her phone in surprise and informed the rest of us that Venezuelan
President, Hugo Chávez, had died.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">While I generally knew about Chávez, his revolutionary
tendencies, and his disdain for the United States, I found myself interested in
his leadership style and in the way such a style affected Venezuela’s public diplomacy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After doing a quick internet search, I came
across a NY Times article on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/03/05/world/americas/chavez-anecdotes.html?hp#/#time229_6926">10 MemorableHugo Chávez Moments</a></i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of the top
moments occurred on Chávez’s weekly television show, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aló Presidente!</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to
the article, this show is the only one in the world in which a head of state
regularly invited cameras to follow him as he governed. The show featured Chávez
singing, dancing and interacting with supporters for hours at a time. <span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; display: none; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-hide: all;">The only television show in the
world in which a head of state regularly invited cameras to follow him as he
governed, it often featured singing, dancing and interaction with supporters.</span><span lang="EN"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">During this particular taping of the show, BBC journalist
John Sweeney asked “<span lang="EN" style="color: #333333; display: none; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-hide: all;">Chávez’s TV show <a href="http://www.alopresidente.gob.ve/"><span style="color: #004276;">Aló Presidente! </span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Chávez’s TV show <a href="http://www.alopresidente.gob.ve/"><span style="color: #004276;">Aló Presidente! </span></a></span><b><span lang="EN" style="color: black; display: none; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 16.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hide: all;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>10 Memorable Hugo Chávez Moments</span></b>Why
does Venezuela not spend its money in Venezuela?” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Mr. Chávez responded, “That is a stupid question. I cannot
answer a stupid question because whoever tries to answer a stupid question
would sound stupid.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mr. Chávez then pointedly
told Mr. Sweeney that only “someone stupid would ask such a stupid question.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/KyhmvA-UVjI?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">I was incredulous at Chávez’s audacity and his complete
disregard for being politically correct; a practice I see as customary for good
public diplomacy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Even beyond his obvious outrageousness, Chávez’s weekly
television show was a wider example of how “the nature of the global
communications environment makes it inevitable that (sometimes for better,
sometimes for worse) one-way messages are transmitted on a daily, hourly, and
even minute-to-minute basis.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These are
the words of Geoffrey Cowan and Amelia Arsenault in their article <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Moving from Monologue to Dialogue to
Collaboration: The Three Layers of Public Diplomacy </i>(p. 13).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Depending on the context, Cowan and Arsenault argue that
one-way communication is often necessary when “a nation wants the people of the
world to understand where it stands.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The implication is that one-way communication is one tool in a larger
effort to also engage in dialogue and collaboration with other nations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The public diplomacy model incorporated by Chávez however,
disregarded these other two layers of public diplomacy, especially when they
pertained to the United States and its allies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After being called “stupid” on such a public platform, I doubt Mr.
Sweeney left Venezuela with any positive perceptions of Chávez.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Surely such treatment does not open a path
for dialogue and collaboration between Venezuela and the UK.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now that Chávez is gone, it will be
interesting to see whether Venezuela maintains or abandons the public diplomacy
culture initiated by Chávez. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></div>
Heather T.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01790392633696135946noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-26454371906953936822013-02-28T12:06:00.000-05:002013-03-22T16:11:56.280-04:00Diplomacy and Engagement – at home<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Engagement</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">
may be a new buzzword that has reached the State Department. It is often
used
as a term that signifies some of their strategies to reach foreign
publics. Last week, on his first major <a href="http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2013/02/205021.htm">speech</a>, secretary of state John
Kerry set out to
engage citizens back home instead, in a push to strengthen American
ambitions
abroad. This reminded me of some of the readings a few weeks back about
the domestic aspect of PD. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Secretary
Kerry delivered the speech at the University of Virginia, ahead of
his first trip overseas. This symbolic move – as a newly appointed Secretary of
State speaking first to the American public – aimed to emphasize the role of
American citizens in Diplomacy.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
American public’s interest in foreign affairs, in recent decades, has dropped
to worrisome levels. Some argue that this has always been the case within
American society, but Kerry’s words were an attempt to begin to turn it around
by hitting Americans where it hurts: the economy. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
average American may not normally make a direct connection between the State
Department and job creation, but that’s what former senator Kerry brought out
in his speech. This parallel stresses the importance of investing in a robust
foreign policy apparatus that, as two wars come to an end, can expand its focus
to other areas.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">At a time where the economy is slumping and budget wars may ensue, his argument makes a lot of sense by trying to get ahead of events.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">But regardless of timing, in an age where U.S. embassies around the world <i>engage </i>foreign publics through social media platforms, among many
other avenues, diplomacy cannot forget to pursue such a connection at home too.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Changes
in society impact foreign policy. Diplomats – and public diplomats, as well –
need to be attuned to the evolutions in the society they are based on if they want to be at all successful. </span></div>
Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-14213630859216264032013-02-22T23:57:00.006-05:002013-02-23T00:05:52.080-05:00Living in the Glittering Consumer Paradise<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<strong><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">“Culture has less ‘power over’ other actors, but rather the ‘power
to’ establish frames that shape the way we see the world, telling us what is
important, and informing us about options and solutions…” (48)<o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">These are the words of Peter van Ham in his book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Social Power</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I was not very surprised to read about the
power of culture in shaping our intersubjective understandings of the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such a truth seems intuitive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What did pique my interest however, was his
commentary on what he calls the “social power of consumption.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to van Ham,</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><blockquote class="tr_bq" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
“What makes the social power of consumption unique is that
it affects all of us: we are all consumers and although we may have widely
differing purchasing powers, we all make consumer decisions on a daily basis”
(57).</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
</div>
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Could it really be that the there is a new cosmopolitanism
centered on a culture of consumption?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> After thinking about arguments on Americanization/Westernization, I would answer "yes." </span>I
consider many existing arguments on the decline of American hegemony as
it was hitherto known to be valid; but I would not say that American <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cultural dominance</i> is in decline.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many countries may not like America
politically, but I can almost guarantee that most of their populace loves
Hollywood movies, technological gadgets, flashy cars, and mansions as much as
any American.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> If they do not have a passion for these things in particular, they have a passion for similar products conducive to their cultural contexts. Still, the theme of consumption is the same.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Thus, the very essence of
what we know as “the American dream” – the opportunity for prosperity and
success – has been codified around the world as the opportunity to enter a “glittering
consumer paradise” in the words of van Ham (52).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I would not say that it is positive for the
world to share in a culture of consumption.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It does show however, that sometimes, we are all able to relate on the
broadest and most superficial of levels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Heather T.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01790392633696135946noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-14663271689724696962013-02-22T19:41:00.000-05:002013-02-22T19:41:07.802-05:00Emerging Economies and Social Power<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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I recently attended a presentation by <a href="http://www.wilsoncenter.org/staff/miles-kahler">Professor Miles Kahler</a>
who is currently working on a project on emerging economies and global
governance at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. His
presentation on the three biggest leading emerging economies, China, India and
Brazil, reminded me of our reading on the notion of social power by Peter van
Ham. Van Ham defines social power as “the ability to set standards, and create
norms and values that are deemed legitimate and desirable, without resorting to
coercion or payment” (p.15). Essentially, social power is the ability to set
the rules of the games. Van Ham describes paradigm-shifting events, such as
financial or economic crises, as opportunities to define new norms. Leading
emerging economies like China are gaining attention because they survived and
recovered from the Great Recession of 2008 faster than advanced economies. The
global worry is that, rather than accepting and complying with the rules, these
emerging economies may weaken or reject the rules in favor of their national
policies. China, India and Brazil have the potential to become the
rule-makers, rather than the rule-takers, in global governance. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Professor Kahler stated that, for now, these emerging
economies appear to be working within the rules of the game. He cited that
their domestic problems (problems pertaining to persistent poverty, growing
inequality, domestic fragility, etc.) serve as obstacles to mobilizing their
capabilities. Van Ham suggests that “social power is derived from social
capital” (p.8), of which these emerging economies would need to accumulate. Although
they have tried to expand their capabilities through regional coalitions, that
has its limitations, as well. Moreover, combined with counter-strategies from
leaders like the U.S., emerging leaders have a difficult time leveraging their
social power. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Can China and India re-claim their share of the global GDP
and social power? As these emerging economies move towards economic convergence
and gain more power, the likelihood of global conflict increases. Does this
create a stronger need for public diplomacy?<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment--></div>
Kristiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01448988610876566571noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-57776916506167327472013-02-22T18:28:00.004-05:002013-02-22T18:28:59.745-05:00"All communication is inherently about identity"<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Rohnda Zaharna in her 2010 chapter "<span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: small;">Communication, Culture, and Identity in Public
Diplomacy," states, "all communication is about identity." She discusses the incredibly influential role that culture and identity play in both the formation and reception of a message and is quite critical of the United State's communication strategies with other cultures. She states that biases and stereotyped no matter how one tries to hide them seep out in communication and the very way one forms what they see as an unbiased message is influenced the information they gather, </span><span style="font-family: Garamond;">interpret,</span><span style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: small;"> and communicate to the other. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Garamond;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Garamond;">It seems as though the U.S. is becoming more sensitive to this. Adam Clayton Powell II in his <a href="http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/index.php/newswire/cpdblog_detail/alhurra_turns_nine_claims_editorial_progress_larger_audience/">USC blog post</a> notes that nine years after hard criticism from an evaluation of Al-Hura it has made some critical changes and doubled its viewership in Egypt and now reaches eight million viewers. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Garamond;"><br /></span>
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Tiffany http://www.blogger.com/profile/09156461442298621971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-75600845455116592122013-02-15T23:52:00.001-05:002013-02-15T23:52:05.728-05:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
On the Annenberg School of Public Diplomacy's blog, Philip Seib lauded <a href="http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/index.php/newswire/cpdblog_detail/hillary_clintons_public_diplomacy_legacy/">Hillary Clinton's leg<span id="goog_177513978"></span><span id="goog_177513979"></span>acy on the field of public diplomacy</a> by actively participating with and listening to global publics. Following up on George Packer's article on Clinton in<a href="http://www.newyorker.com/talk/comment/2013/02/11/130211taco_talk_packer"> The New Yorker</a>, Seib notes how Clinton wholeheartedly and effectively put Obama's policy of engagement into practice. In the course of his argument, he flippantly disregards the role of monologue in the diplomacy, stating "one-way communication is archaic and ineffective."<div>
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I take issue with the idea of diplomacy going solely towards public diplomacy. As Ameilia Arsenaut and Geoffrey Cowan noted in their article "Moving from Monologue to Dialogue to Collaboration: The Three Layers of Public Diplomacy," one-way communication plays a pivotal role in diplomacy that can never be truly overturned by reaching out through collaboration and engagement--no matter how vital those roles are. Some of history's greatest moments are cemented in our memories through well-crafted, epic lines delivered though a monologue speech by a prominent figure. Take President Reagan's iconic line, "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" While the quote is under 160 characters, it was not a tweet and the physical circumstances added to the weight of his words.</div>
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While Clinton was an expert at using engagement in the form of public diplomacy, she did not use that to the exclusion of monologue. For example, in her <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/mahaatal/2011/10/15/hillary-clinton-on-economic-statecraft/">October 14th speech to the the New York Economic Club</a>, she clearly and eloquently outlined her bold vision of economic statecraft and morphing the State Department into a dynamic organization that interfaced aptly with various strata of society.</div>
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While I certainly agree with Mr. Seib that technology and engagement are dramatically and critically altering our perspectives and practice of diplomacy, it is yet one of many tools in our toolbox. </div>
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Tiffany http://www.blogger.com/profile/09156461442298621971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-83555372975876397452013-02-08T20:17:00.000-05:002013-02-08T20:17:58.135-05:00China - Japan - Russia<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Making recent headlines has been a long-standing dispute between Japan
and Russia over the southern Kuril Islands in the Pacific Ocean. BBC has
described the exchange between them as “heated”. Japan’s Prime Minister called
a Russian presidential visit to the islands last year an “unforgivable outrage”;
Russia’s Foreign Minister called that response “clearly undiplomatic”. They
have yet to sign a peace treaty officially ending WWII. (source: <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12379331">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12379331</a>).
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Similarly, Japan and China are dealing with <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21290349">territorial disputes</a>
of their own. Viewed as a threat to each country’s sovereignty, the disputes
call for extensive negotiation between diplomats. As Pamment stated in
“Perspectives on the New Public Diplomacy”, public diplomacy is integral to
diplomatic practice since it lays the groundwork for negotiation. Pamment
describes PD practioners as “communication strategists”, which is exactly what
Japan needs to resolve this dispute peacefully and strengthen ties to both Russia
and China. Arsenault and Cowan describe three layers of public diplomacy that suggest
that monologues may present opportunities for dialogues, which in turn can
foster collaborations. For Japan, China and Russia, this seems easier said than
done, but cooperation remains inherently necessary in order to counter the
escalating tension and avoid conflict.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Kristiehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01448988610876566571noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-26986786273635293912013-02-08T17:56:00.002-05:002013-02-08T17:56:56.533-05:00Engagement and Disability Rights<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130203000353">The Special
Olympics World Winter Games ended this week in South Korea</a>. This event brought together athletes with
special needs from all over the world…and with them international attention on
the importance of human and disability rights.
South Korea capitalized upon the event to showcase its commitment to
human rights, Ma Young-sam, Ambassador for public diplomacy at the Korean
ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade stated, “The Special Olympics uplifts
Korea’s national image. The Special
Olympics itself gives a positive image of how Korea is inclusive and
accommodating to people with intellectual disabilities.” Through the engagement
of participants from several countries, united in their participation in the
games, the potential to engage a larger international policy discussion on
human rights has emerged. On Wednesday,
a <a href="http://www.specialolympics.org/Press/2013/Global_Leaders_Convene_in_PyeongChang,_Korea_Participate_in_Groundbreaking_Special_Olympics_Global_Development_Summit.aspx">global
development summit regarding exclusion of people with intellectual disabilities</a>
was held in South Korea that focused policy maker’s attention on relevant discussions,
such as the 2011 <span style="background: white;">United Nations convention on
the rights of persons with disabilities, and urged continued efforts in this
area. Through these events, and others
like them, more attention is being given to this important topic. In a political toolkit, public diplomacy may
not hold the surgical precision of a missile or other hard power technique, but
PD strategies have the potential to garner soft power, a strength that can be
effective in slowly, but powerfully changing perspectives. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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Tiffany http://www.blogger.com/profile/09156461442298621971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-76402941944495899632013-02-08T16:08:00.001-05:002013-02-08T16:16:59.073-05:00Sometimes, Labels Don't Really Matter...<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Last night, I attended a performance of the <a href="http://www.alvinailey.org/">Alvin AileyAmerican Dance Theater</a> at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing
Arts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Alvin Ailey American Dance
Theater is one of the most well-known and renowned dance companies in the United
States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Founded in 1958 by Alvin Ailey,
the Company emerged during the Civil Rights era and became a forum for the
expression of the African-American experience.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Company’s website cites that it has performed for approximately
23 million people at theatres in 48 states and 71 countries on six continents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Revelations</span>, </span></i><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">choreographed by Alvin
Ailey himself,</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> is the Company’s
trademarked masterpiece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"></span></span> </div>
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<strong><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN" style="color: #990000; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><em>See a clip of
it below:</em></span></span><o:p></o:p></strong></div>
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<br /></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/LZuBFz6WYfs?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">In recognition of the Company’s historical significance and
of its preservation of the American modern dance heritage, the U.S. Congress
passed a resolution in 2008 designating the Company as “a vital American
cultural ambassador to the world.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">In his book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Perspectives
on the New Public Diplomacy</i>, James Pamment argues that such “terminology is
not to be taken lightly” (Pamment 45).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Pamment believes that </span>cultural diplomacy “previously held a protected status outside of
the governmental fold.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since cultural
diplomacy’s contemporary incorporation into the larger nexus of “public
diplomacy” however, there seems to be little difference between political advocacy
and cultural diplomacy; but has there ever really been such a distinction? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Long before receiving official kudos from Congress, the
Alvin Ailey Dance Theater has existed with an inherently social and political
agenda.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its purpose was to protest
racial hierarchies in the United States by showcasing a multi-racial (but
initially all-black) modern dance company that was of a standard equal to (if
not better than) that of its all-white counterparts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The objectives of the Alvin Ailey Dance Theater are basically
the same today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every time it performs
in another country, acting as the “American cultural ambassador to the world,” it
seeks to sustain and promote the image of America as a land of equality and
opportunity for everyone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether academia
chooses to label these activities as "cultural diplomacy" or "public diplomacy" is
therefore irrelevant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Company’s diplomatic
utility should not be limited in order to fit into theoretical models.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
Heather T.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01790392633696135946noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-83405644964221618592013-02-06T19:32:00.000-05:002013-02-06T19:32:43.373-05:00 When Public Diplomacy is Used to Keep People AwayWe're constantly discussing what is the best strategy, or "narrative" to
make dialogue possible and to make people agree
with certain foreign policy goals, depending on which country we are
dealing with. Not often do we hear of a public diplomacy campaign that
aims to push people away instead of bringing them together, at least not
intentionally.<br />
<br />
Neither do we hear of countries spending money on PR
campaigns to make them look bad. Yet, British policymakers have thrown
around that idea <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2013/jan/27/uk-immigration-romania-bulgaria-ministers?CMP=twt_gu">to prevent potential immigrants from Bulgaria and Romania from coming to the UK</a>. <br />
<br />
This
is in light of an approaching deadline that will lift limits on
Bulgarian and Romanian immigration to the UK. It is definitely a way
to "persuade" "foreign publics" towards one "foreign policy objective." A
pretty backwards way of looking at PD, and an unethical one at that, I
might add.<br />
<br />
As the article points out, a few years ago, Eurostar did<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7098618.stm"> a campaign</a>
depicting the worst British stereotypes to bring attention to its
London train routes. They were outrageous, but worked in getting people's
attention. I wonder, should this idea actually materialize, if people in
Bulgaria and Romania would take these ads seriously, laugh at
them, or be actually upset that they're being targetted to "stay away."<br />
<br />
It seems like a rather desperate measure, and one that could
severely damage UK's reputation. After all, though they would
be restricted to those two countries something like that could easily go
viral. I certainly hope this doesn't come to pass.<br />
<br />
If anyone else has any other examples of 'backwards PD', please share!Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-55087537939231052252013-02-01T17:03:00.004-05:002013-02-01T18:01:32.902-05:00Nation branding & Volkswagen Game Day 2013<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNoteLevel1CxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />Earlier this week, Volkswagen of America Inc. released their <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9H0xPWAtaa8">2013 Superbowl commercial</a> online. It features a white man from Minnesota who, after riding in his new Volkswagen Beetle Turbo, adopts a Jamaican accent and spreads a “don’t worry, be happy” attitude around his dreary office. This ad isn’t just spreading “good vibes,” though. <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/volkswagen-superbowl-ad-equating-happiness-with-jamaican-accent-spurs-controversy/2013/01/29/7d966b7e-6a54-11e2-9a0b-db931670f35d_story.html">It has also faced negative media touting it as “racist.”</a> Chief Hispanic marketing strategist at an African-American, Gay/Lesbian, and Hispanic agency, Walton Issacson, states<a href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2013/01/29/volkswagen-super-bowl-commercial-racism/1874213/">, “what happens in this ad is that the culture becomes a punch line, and that is offensive."</a> Jamaica’s minister of tourism and entertainment, Wykeham McNeill, does not see the problem. He states, “w<a href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2013/01/29/volkswagen-super-bowl-commercial-racism/1874213/">e view it as a compliment. People should get into their inner Jamaica and get happy."</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoteLevel1CxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia;">Why is this not just “blackface with voices” as <i>New York Times</i> columnist Charles Blow called it during a <a href="http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/bestoftv/2013/01/28/exp-point-vw-superbowl-two.cnn">CNN segment</a>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoteLevel1CxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia;">Like China and Japan in Yee-Kuang Heng’s article, “Mirror, mirror on the wall, who’s the softest of them all? Evaluating Japanese and Chinese strategies in the ‘soft’ power competition era,” Jamaica has been and is actively engaging in a process of nation branding. Nation branding, which came from place branding, is the process of measuring, building, and managing a country’s reputation. Rather than hearing reports of violence, drugs, and high crime rates on the islands, Jamaica has been actively marketing a free-spirited, “no worries, mon” image that is good for tourism, and good for their reputation. Companies, like Volkswagen, are picking up on the success of this image and are associating that positive image with their new car brand. For Jamaica, it’s free advertising.</span></div>
<br />
<br />
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<br /></div>
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Tiffany http://www.blogger.com/profile/09156461442298621971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-14885255058498892602013-02-01T15:49:00.003-05:002013-02-01T15:51:14.252-05:00Girl Power = "Smart" Power?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Some consistent buzz in the blogosphere on public diplomacy
centers on the State Department’s “Empowering Women and Girls Through Sports
Initiative.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The program, launched in February 2012, consists of American
sports envoys who travel overseas, youth athletes and coaches who travel to the
U.S. to learn about Title IX – the landmark legislation in the United States
that afforded women equality and opportunity through sports – and the espnW
Global Sports Mentoring Program.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According
to an </span><a href="http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/01/203106.htm"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">official press release from the Bureau of Public Affairs</span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">, </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">“The Empowering Women and Girls Through Sports Initiative builds on Secretary of State <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Hillary Rodham Clinton’s vision of “smart power,” which embraces the full range of <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>diplomatic tools—in this case, sports—to empower women and girls and foster greater <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>understanding.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The now former Secretary of State’s initiative is already in
full swing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Those</span> participating in
the initiative’s programs include diverse countries such as Brazil, Iraq,
Liberia, Thailand, Senegal, and Venezuela.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The gamut of sports is equally diverse with basketball, field hockey,
soccer, softball, and track and field among those included.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Furthermore, it seems as though this initiative will be
long-lasting as President Obama explicitly stated that advancing the rights of
women and girls is a </span><a href="http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2013/01/203579.htm"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">critical policy for U.S. foreign policy</span></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As is customary, newly-appointed Secretary of
State, John Kerry, also expressed his intentions to continue Clinton’s efforts
of institutionalizing an increased focus on global women empowerment at the State
Department and USAID.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">At a period of time when America’s image abroad is mired in “<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">a never ending montage of guns, debt and
indecision,” as <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/cari-e-guittard/guns-debt-indecisionthe-s_b_2576422.html">stated by Cari E. Guittard</a>, can this push to make the U.S. the global beacon of women empowerment be the
edge America needs to improve its national brand and strengthen its public
diplomacy efforts abroad?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sports have
always been an important means of engagement with public audiences, and female
empowerment has continuously been identified by development practitioners as
one of the best means to help countries be more peaceful and prosperous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So together, these two dynamic concepts
should epitomize Clinton’s vision of “smart power,” right?<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Of course, there
is no straightforward answer to this question.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The answer requires a detailed analysis of how “smart power” is truly
defined in this context, and of how the </span>Empowering Women and Girls
Through Sports Initiative does/does not enhance this definition, using the
spectrum of public diplomacy as a means of analysis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Don’t worry; such an analysis is beyond the scope of this
post.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, it may be useful to
remember that the term “smart power” arose after Joseph Nye realized conceptual
weaknesses in his theoretical definition of “soft power.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nye wrote that “smart power means learning
better how to combine or balance hard and soft power” (see <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Searching for a Theory of Public Diplomacy</i> by Eytan Gilboa, p.
62).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The U.S. image abroad is an
integral part of its soft power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such a trailblazing
push to encourage female empowerment through sports may be just what it needs
to enhance its overall smart power arsenal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Heather T.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01790392633696135946noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-25468952775212791392013-01-25T21:15:00.002-05:002013-01-25T21:15:52.278-05:00PD: a more integrative approach<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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As Nicholas Cull, a prominent scholar of public diplomacy,
discusses in his article “Listening for the Hoofbeats,” diplomacy is no longer
a top-down enterprise. Not only do diplomats continue to engage with other
diplomats, but the US State Department is also emphasizing the importance of public
diplomacy as a critical foreign policy strategy. Under Secretary for Public
Diplomacy and Public Affairs, Tara Sonenshine, recently asked at the Washington
Institute for Near East Policy, “So how do we engage fully and, more
importantly, how do we maximize our chances of success, so that the American
people and the people of the region benefit from the current changes sweeping
the Middle East and North Africa?” she responds to her own question by stating,
“two words: public diplomacy.” She outlined several current programs that DOS
participates in that offer educational exchanges with MENA countries. These
partnerships include collaborations with universities and businesses that
sponsor entrepreneurs to learn critical skills, offering opportunities for
Syrian college students whose studies have been interrupted due to the civil
war to finish their degrees at American universities, and English language
training and outreach programs, among others.
These initiatives allow the US to gain a platform with key populations
and actors as well as the opportunity to hold important conversations.
Secretary Sonenshine reports that US Embassy Cairo now has over 500,000
Facebook fans with whom they attempt to reach out to. As Bran Hocking et. al.
write in their article “Futures for Diplomacy: Integrative Diplomacy in the 21<sup>st</sup>
century,” diplomacy is becoming more integrated. While diplomats and official
communications are still vitally important, a more nuanced view of audiences
and stakeholders is critical for the success of US objectives as well. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Read Under Secretary Sonenshine’s full remarks here: http://www.state.gov/r/remarks/2013/202945.htm<o:p></o:p></div>
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Tiffany http://www.blogger.com/profile/09156461442298621971noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6714270722716056813.post-25358312048044273742013-01-25T11:11:00.000-05:002013-01-25T11:21:35.838-05:00Is the "old public diplomacy" Really That Old? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">While browsing the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Al
Jazeera</i> newspaper yesterday, I came across an article entitled “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/01/201312071929822435.html">Chinese media expands Africa presence</a></i>.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to the article, China committed 45
billion <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">yuan</i> ($7.2b) to expanding its
state-run media in the African continent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Thus far, China currently provides news for mobile phones and
broadcasting by the China Central Television (CCTV) station in Nairobi, Kenya.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition, just this past month, China
launched an African edition of its biggest English-language newspaper – <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">China Daily</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before China’s great plunge into Africa,
Africans learned about the Chinese mostly through Western sources.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><o:p></o:p><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/mritems/Images/2013/1/20/201312085923248621_20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="211" src="http://www.aljazeera.com/mritems/Images/2013/1/20/201312085923248621_20.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From <a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/01/201312071929822435.html">http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/01/201312071929822435.html</a><br />
[Colin Shek/Al Jazeera]</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Western media companies tend to focus exclusively on how
China is Africa’s biggest trade partner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They frame this relationship in terms of China manipulating and
exploiting the continent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>China’s
expansion into Africa however, occurs alongside a steady downsizing of Western
media in the continent.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now, why is this
relevant to my burgeoning study and exploration into the practice of Public
Diplomacy (PD)?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Well in the lexicon of PD guru, Nicholas Cull, the Chinese
have listened for the “hoof beats of history” and are leaping “at just the
right moment to catch onto its coat as it thunders past”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> (see Cull's <em>Listening for the Hoof Beats: Implications of the Rise of Soft Power and Public Diplomacy</em>, 2012). </span>Cull uses this great imagery to describe the
importance of recognizing public engagement as a means to conducting foreign
policy in the 21<sup>st</sup> century – an unprecedented era in which
communications technology allows everyday people around the world to have
influence on world affairs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Interestingly, while I believe Cull’s metaphoric description is
applicable to China’s actions in Africa, I do not believe it is due to China’s
willingness to engage in a two-flow model of mutual exchange, dialogue, and
cooperation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such a model is often
coined as the “new public diplomacy” by scholars like James Pamment (see Pamment's <em>New Public Diplomacy in the 21st Century, </em>2012).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Instead, I believe China’s intentions in listening for the
“hoof beats” harkens back to the old model of PD, characterized by persuasion
tactics and a one-way flow of information.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As Pamment explains, this type of PD is akin to propaganda (p.2).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>China’s state-run media operates
strategically with what news it chooses to report and how it chooses to report
it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Africa, the strategic intentions of
the Chinese are to counter the West’s negative portrayals of the Africa-China
relationship. In the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Al Jazeera</i>
article, a researcher is quoted as saying that “China’s learning and realising
that the public and the world is going to be more sympathetic to a narrative
that they know.” China’s strategy seems even more calculated when we consider
the reasons why it chose its biggest <u>English-language</u> newspaper to expand.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">China’s expansion into Africa is therefore a part of its
quest for soft power.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> At the same time, w</span>e
obviously should not be so quick to write off the existence of the “old public
diplomacy.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The world is indeed
changing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is changing, however,
without completely releasing its grip on the ways of old.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Undoubtedly, clashes between “old” and “new”
diplomatic agendas occur every day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
look forward to exploring them.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
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Heather T.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01790392633696135946noreply@blogger.com3